Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 18، number In Volume 3، June 2025 ، issue Number 109

The Role of Motherhood in the Protagonist The Madam Ahou s Husband and My Bird

tahere rozbahani , Hojatolah ghmoniri (Author in Charge)

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Archetypal criticism is one of the characteristics of modern psychological criticism that is well able to act as a criterion and criterion for measuring, criticizing, and evaluating literary works. One of the most targeted theories of archetypal criticism is the theory of the Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961 AD). Among the archetypes that Jung proposes is the archetype of the exemplary mother or the eternal mother. The main objective of this research is to analyze and examine two prominent and popular contemporary novels, namely the novel The Madam Ahou s Husband by Ali Mohammad Afghani and My Bird by FaribaVafi, based on the approach of the archetype of the eternal mother.

METHODOLOGY: The study method in this article is a descriptive-analytical method in the form of a library study. The statistical population of the study includes two novels, The Madam Ahou s Husband My Bird, which we will analyze and evaluate using Jung"s archetype criticism method based on the archetype of the exemplary mother.

FINDINGS: The research findings indicate that the archetype of the exemplary mother is very influential in the personality of individuals, such that no human being is exempt from its influence; in the story The Madam Ahou s Husband and My Bird, positive and negative manifestations of the archetype of the exemplary mother can be seen.

CONCLUSION: The results of the study show that in the novel The Madam Ahou s Husband by Ali Mohammad Afghani, two main manifestations of the archetype of the eternal (ideal) mother are reflected in the character of Ahu as the archetype of the mother in the form of positive manifestations, fertility, fecundity and holiness, and in contrast, Homa is a manifestation of the archetype of the mother in the negative form, who has abandoned her children. In the story My Bird, the narrator is a manifestation of the positive eternal mother archetype, the narrator"s mother is a manifestation of the negative eternal mother archetype, and the beloved aunt is a manifestation of the substitute mother archetype.

Keyword
Archetype. Jung. Eternal mother. MadamAhou s Husband. My Bir

• Afghani. Ali Mohammad (2018). the Madam Ahou s Husband. Twenty-ninth edition. Tehran: Negah.
• Emami. Nasrallah (2006). Fundamentals and Methods of Literary Criticism. Tehran: Jami, p. 202.
• Odainik. V (2000). Jung and Politics: The Political and Social Thoughts of Carl Gustav Jung. Translated by: Tayyeb. Tehran: Ney, p. 143.
• Eliadeh. Mirchah (1997). A Treatise on the History of Religions. Translated by: Jalal Sattari. Tehran: Soroush, p. 249.
• ______________ (2014). The Perspective of Myth. Translated by: Jalal Sattari. Third edition. Tehran: Toos, p. 96.
• Parham. Sirus (1961). Contemporary Iranian Literature. The Husband of Ahu Khanum. Book Guide. Issue 10. pp. 970-971.
• Taraghi. Goli (2008). The Great Lady of Hastes. Second edition. Tehran: Niloufar, pp. 47-49.
• Johnson. Robert (2011). The Mother Complex and the Relationships between Men and Women. Translated by Touraj Reza Bani Sadr. Tehran: Liosa, pp. 64-54.
• Khatib. Rafat and Yaghoubi. Ali Sarwar (2010). A Study and Comparison of the Position of Women in the Narratives of Mahmoud Dolatabadi, Ahmad Mahmoud, FaribaVafi and SepidehShamloo. Monthly Journal of Persian Poetry and Prose Stylistics (BaharAdab). Year 13. Issue 9. Consecutive 55. pp. 1-23.
• Dasmalchi. Vida (2013). A Psychological Analysis of the Archetype of the Evil Mother in the Stories of SadeghHedayat. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Persian Language and Literature, Kharazmi University. Year 31. Issue 94. pp. 135-162.
• Rasmi. Ateke and Rasmi. Sakineh (2023). A comparative study of the archetype of the exemplary mother in the little stories of Fatima and Ye Yashin, the Cinderellas of Iran and China, based on Jung's analytical psychology. Quarterly Journal of Comparative Literature Research. Volume 11. Issue 3. pp. 31-59.
• Roozbahani. Tahereh and others (2020). Analysis of the archetype of the mother (Motherland) in the novel The Vacancy of Saluch. Quarterly Journal of Echoes of Women in History. Year 1. Series 1. pp. 41-50.
• Sattari. Jalal (1987). Symbol and Example in Psychoanalysis. Tehran: Toos, p. 64.
• Saghayan. Mehdi and SahafMoghadam. Minoo (2021). An examination of the manifestations of the mother archetype in the play The Horses of the Sky Are Raining Ashes, based on Jung's views. Women in Culture and Art. Volume 12, Issue 3, pp. 413-435.
• Segal. Robert. Allen (2009). Myth. Translated by: FaridehFardNomer. Second edition. Tehran: Basirat, p. 186.
• Salajeqeh. Parvin (2015). Modern criticism in the field of poetry. Second edition. Tehran: Morvarid, p. 113.
• Chevalier. Jean-Jacques and Gerber. Allen (2006). The culture of symbols. Translated by: SudabehFazaeli. Tehran: Ceyhoun, p. 179.
• Fadaie. Farbod (2008). Carl Gustav Jung, the founder of psychology. Third edition. Tehran: Danjeh.
• Fordham. Ferida(2009). An introduction to Jungian psychology. Translated by: MasoudMirbaha, Tehran: Jami, p. 87.
• Campbell. Joseph (1998). The Power of Myth. Translated by: Abbas Mokhbar. Tehran: Markaz Publishing House, pp. 251-133.
• Green. Wilfred and Others (2004). Fundamentals of Literary Criticism. Translated by: Farzaneh Taheri. Third Edition. Tehran: Niloufar, p. 166.
• Gordon. Walterki (1999). An Introduction to Archetype Criticism: Contemporary Literary Criticism. Translated by: Jalal Sokhanvar. Tehran: Rahnama, p. 34.
• Mozaffari. Solmaz and Kakehrash. Farhad (2013). A Study of Character Development in the Novel "The Husband of the Deer" Based on the Archetypes of Awakening the Hero Within." Quarterly Journal of Fiction, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah. Year 2, Issue 5, pp. 123-145.
• Manzavi. Neda and Seif. Abdolreza (2004). The test of the abandoned/rejected child-hero's honor; a manifestation of the return and regression to the archetype of the eternal mother or mother-earth (case study: abandoned children in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh). Scientific Journal of Persian Poetry and Prose Stylistics (BaharAdab). Year 17. Issue 2. Series 96. pp. 165-184.
• Mira'abedini. Hassan (1997). The evolution of fiction and dramatic literature from the beginning to 1320 in the framework of the concept of fictional themes of the contemporary literature group. Tehran: Persian Language and Literature Academy, p. 394.
• Wafi. Fariba (1992). My Bird. Thirty-seventh edition. Tehran: Markaz.
• Yavari. Houra (2017). Psychoanalysis of Literature: Two Texts, Two People, Two Worlds from Bahram-e-Gur to the Blind Owl Narrator. Tehran: Ete'lat, pp. 352-357.
• Jung. Carl Gustav (2008). Man in Search of His Own Identity. Translated by: Mahmoud Behforozi. Third edition. Tehran, pp. 61-62.
• _____________ (1989). Four Exemplary Forms. Translated by: ParvinFaramarzi. Third edition. Mashhad. Published by, pp. 98-23-25-26. 54-39-36.
• ______________ (2011). Memories, Dreams, Thoughts. Translated by: ParvinFaramarzi. Fourth edition. Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi, pp. 64-66.